The crop factor is very important to understand when purchasing lenses or even just reading this site. The following figure shows the relative sizes of different sensor types along with the crop factor of each. The following figure compares a compact camera sensor to a full-frame camera sensor. For those reasons, most professional photographers use full-frame 35mm DSLRs instead. The 60 megapixel Hasselblad H4D-60 retails for about $42,000, yet it can’t take decent indoor pictures without flash, it’s too slow for wildlife or sports, and it’s too big for most people to carry around (though I often travel with a medium format film camera). Medium-format DSLRs provide professional studio photographers the resolution they need for shooting magazine covers and posters. Given the same variety of native lenses, you could get the same photos with smaller sensors, but other formats simply don’t have the same variety available and adapting the lenses always comes with significant penalties. Additionally, full-frame Canon and Nikon cameras have access to the widest variety of native lenses simply because the formats have been used by professionals for decades. Instead, I recommend full-frame cameras to photographers because they tend to have more features completely unrelated to the sensor. Full-frame DSLRs are the right choice for most professional photographers, but not simply because the sensor is bigger. Matching the sensor size of 35mm film, full-frame DSLRs require bigger, more expensive lenses. Crop factor is discussed in more detail later in this section. In fact, many wildlife photographers prefer an APS-C or DX camera over their full-frame counterparts. This is known as the crop factor, and it’s actually helpful when using telephoto lenses with wildlife or sports. You can also connect full-frame lenses to Canon APS-C, Nikon DX, and Sony Alpha bodies, but when you take a picture, the camera will crop out a smaller section from the center of the lens image. Lenses designed for their smaller sensors are lighter and less expensive than those designed for bigger, full-frame cameras. The smallest type of DSLR is also a common mid-range mirrorless format and the right choice for most non-professional photographers. APS-C (1.5X for most, 1.6X for Canon).These small mirrorless cameras have relatively small 16-megapixel sensors that are capable of producing excellent images when paired with the right lenses. These tiny mirrorless cameras, such as the Nikon 1, have the smallest common sensors. Cameras can be divided into several categories by their sensor size.
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